Commerce Defended.: An Answer to the Arguments by which Mr. Spence, Mr. Cobbett, and others, have attempted to prove that commerce is not a source of national wealth.

London: for C. and R. Baldwin,, 1808. One of the most important contributions of the Classical School First edition, rare in commerce. "It represents one of the most important contributions of the Classical School, and to this day, remains among the most advanced expositions of the theory of saving and capital formation to be found anywhere" (Reisman). "Apart from the not insignificant fact that it was as a result of this pamphlet that Mill made the acquaintance of Ricardo, the work is chiefly of interest for the fact that it contains the first enunciation in English of what was originally known as the Say-Mill Law of Markets. As the title indicates, the pamphlet was an attack on the views of those neo-Physiocratic authors who had argued during the period of Napoleon's economic blockade that agriculture rather than manufacturing and commerce were not the true source of Britain's wealth. Mill did not dispute the fact that the claims of commerce had frequently been pitched too high, but he defended the Smithian view that manufacturing and other profits were a legitimate form of net surplus, and upheld a pre-comparative cost interpretation of the gains from trade in terms of the difference between the real costs incurred in producing goods for export and the putative domestic cost of producing the imported goods acquired through trade" (The New Palgrave). John Stuart Mill described his father's book as "the first of his writings which attained any celebrity, and which he prized more as having been his first introduction to the friendship of David Ricardo, the most valued and most intimate friendship of his life" (Mill, p. 97). Octavo (215 x 132 mm). Early 20th-century half calf, red morocco label, marbled sides, top edge gilt, others uncut. Housed in a dark blue cloth flat-back box by the Chelsea Bindery. Earlier sew-holes in gutter, contents a little soiled, chip to B4 (not affecting text). A good, tall copy. Goldsmiths' 19571; Kress B.5402; McCulloch, p. 56; The New Palgrave, III, p. 465. John Stuart Mill, Principles of Political Economy, vol. II, 1848; George Reisman, introduction to James Mill's Commerce Defended, 2008.