Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) was born into a noble family in Florence. He fought as a cavalryman, served in a variety of civic and diplomatic positions, and in 1300 attained a preeminent place in the administration of his native city. Florence was at the time caught in a bitter struggle between the Guelphs and the Ghibellines--as well as between contending factions within those political parties--and in 1301, having been sent on an embassy to the Pope in Rome, Dante learned that his enemies had come to power. He was never to see Florence again, and was later banished from the city and sentenced to death. After years of a wandering and uncertain life, Dante finally settled in Ravenna in 1318. Celebrated as a poet from his youth, when he was among those whose writings in Italian were applauded for their "sweet new style," Dante was also an influential literary and political theorist. His most famous works are
The New Life (circa 1293);
De vulgari eloquentia (circa 1304-7), a defense of the use of the vernacular in literature; and his epic vision of the afterlife,
The Divine Comedy, which he began in 1307 and finished shortly before his death.
Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-82), the son of an exiled Italian scholar and revolutionary, studied painting at the Royal Academy of Arts and was one of the founding members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. Though he is best known as a painter, Rossetti was also a poet, and his poems, along with his translations of Dante and Franois Villon, made a lasting impression on such writers as Oscar Wilde, Walter Pater, and Ezra Pound.
Michael Palmer was born in New York City in 1943 and has lived in San Francisco since 1969. He has published ten collections of poetry and has taught at universities in the United States and Europe. He has worked extensively with contemporary dance for twenty-five years and has collaborated with numerous visual artists and composers. His most recent collections are
At Passages (1995),
The Lion Bridge: Selected Poems 1972-1995 (1998),
The Promises of Glass (2000), and
Codes Appearing: Poems 1979-1988 (2001).
