Vitruvius' Ten Books of Architecture [Kommentarii k desiati knigam ob arhitekture Virtuvia]: Витрувий М. Десять книг об архитектуре Витрувия с комментарием Даниеле Барбаро. С приложением трактата Джузеппе Сальвиати о способе точно�

Vitruvius M. Ten books on the architecture of Vitruvius with a commentary by Daniele Barbaro. With the appendix of a treatise by Giuseppe Salviati on the method of accurately drawing the Ionian volute. Translation by A.I. Venediktov, V.P. Zubov and F.A. Petrovsky. Introductory article and notes by V.P. Zubov. / Classics of the theory of architecture. Under the general editorship of A.G. Gabrichevsky. M.: publishing house of the All-Union Academy of Architecture, 1938. XXVIII, 478, [2] p.; from ill. in the text and 2 illus. on separate sheets. 34 x 25.5 cm. Artist I.F. Rerberg. In publisher's binding. Excellent security.

Mark Vitruvius Pollio (I century BC) - Roman architect and mechanic, scientist-encyclopedist. Received an architectural education. During the civil war, under the leadership of Julius Caesar, he took part in the construction of military vehicles. Later, being a military engineer, he independently developed and created ballistas and other siege weapons. Among the embodied projects of Vitruvius, the most significant are the basilica in Fano and the construction of the Roman aqueduct.

Vitruvius is also the author of an ergonomic system of proportioning, which later became widespread in the visual arts and architecture under the name "Vitruvian Man". Vitruvius's views were based on the idea of ​​the universal objective significance of numerical laws and proportional relationships in the structure of the Universe and man, which should be guided both in the construction of buildings and in the construction of machines.

The famous treatise of Vitruvius "Ten Books on Architecture" is the only surviving ancient work on architecture and, according to Vitruvius himself, at that time one of the first books on architecture in Latin. The book is dedicated to Emperor Augustus as a token of gratitude for the help he provided. In this treatise, the author summarized the experience of Greek and Roman architecture, considered a complex of related urban planning, engineering and technical issues and principles of artistic perception.

In Book I, Vitruvius explains the science of the architect, which consists of theory and practice. He draws attention to the need for geometry and drawing for the study of architecture, as well as knowledge in the fields of philosophy, law, medicine and astronomy.

Book II contains a description of building materials: brick, sand, lime and stone.

Book III describes the Vitruvian Man with his proportions.

Book IV tells about the temples and the positions of the altars.

Book V is devoted to the arrangement of forums, basilicas, theaters, baths and shipyards.

Book VI is devoted to the arrangement of premises (atriums) and their foundations.

In Book VII, Vitruvius describes the preparation of paints (white, red, black, green, blue and ocher) and plaster.

In the VIII book, he describes hydraulic structures (wells, water pipes).

Book IX tells about the structure of sun and water clocks.

In Book X, Vitruvius contrasted machines (combinations of parts for moving weights) and tools, and also described a variety of mechanisms, such as watermills, ballistae and catapults.

Centuries later, European architects were closely associated with the study of the creative heritage of antiquity and, above all, the treatise of Vitruvius, which was rediscovered in 1427. In matters of studying the typology of buildings, architectural orders and proportions, he was an indisputable authority. The Venetian scholar and connoisseur of architecture Daniele Barbaro (1514-1570) devoted most of his life to the study of the treatise of Vitruvius, which resulted in his book entitled "Ten books on the architecture of Vitruvius with a commentary by Daniele Barbaro", written in 1556. This book reflected the attitude to ancient architecture not only of the author himself, but also of most architects of the 16th century. The authority of Vitruvius, which was emphasized by Alberti, Palladio, Barbaro, Vasari and others, was apparently explained by the fact that

Vitruvius summarized in the treatise the experience of Greek and Roman architecture, considered a complex of related urban planning, engineering and technical issues and principles of artistic perception. As a result, the treatise is an encyclopedia of the technical knowledge of its time. Vitruvius was the first to express the theory of the origin of architecture. He posed the problem of the golden mean, described the correspondence between the scale of a building and the scale of a person, for the first time in history investigated the problem of musical acoustics of premises, and described the basic concepts of aesthetics.